
Subsurface Modelling
About GDN
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Denise Maljers,
Research ManagerCall
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Subsurface Modelling research group
The Subsurface Modelling (SSM) research group is responsible for the creation and management of subsurface models. This is one of the components carried out by the Geological Survey of the Netherlands (GDN) as part of its statutory information task.
SSM develops and maintains several nationwide models that provide knowledge about the Dutch subsurface. We use these models to estimate the structure and properties of layers in the subsurface. In this way, we help to answer societal questions about the use and impact of the subsurface.
Focus on three domains
The Dutch subsurface is diverse, varied, and complex. Using all available GDN data and our expertise, SSM can map the Dutch subsurface in detail. We focus on three domains in relation to the subsurface:
- The built environment (shallow: up to tens of metres deep).
- Groundwater (moderately deep: up to several hundred metres deep).
- Geothermal (deep: from one kilometre).
We publish our models and their predictions through our GDN portals.
Subsurface mapping and modelling
For its subsurface mapping, SSM uses all available GDN data. This includes drilling and cone penetration test data available in the National Key Registry of the Subsurface (BRO). We interpret this data and use it to create models that we publish. We do this in collaboration with our colleagues in GeoData & Information Management (GDIM) and Geo-Information Technology (GIT).
Machine learning is one of the ways in which we interpret data. This generates data that is of such quality that we can model in high resolution and produce detailed subsurface models. This allows for a more detailed representation of the structure of the subsurface, for example under dykes.
The models developed by SSM can be used to answer specific questions about the subsurface. Examples include questions on the impact of underground activities or on aquifers and their suitability for geothermal extraction. Our models can also be used to determine where the extraction of gravel, sand, clay, and groundwater can take place. Our subsurface models are publicly available via DINOloket and BROloket. We naturally also use them ourselves for consultancy and research on specific geological issues.
Innovative and forward-looking modelling
The subsurface will play an increasingly central role in various social issues, such as the energy transition and climate adaptation. This will lead to new questions from society and require innovation in the way we model. In addition to developing models, SSM also conducts research to innovate, accelerate, and improve modelling techniques.
For geothermal energy, for example, the subsurface of interest is not just from 1 km below the surface, but between 500 and 1,500 m. SSM’s ambition is not only to increase our knowledge of the layers at these depths, but to also incorporate them into our subsurface models. We achieve this by interconnecting subsurface models and using new types of data.
Would you like to know more?
Do you have any questions about subsurface modelling and mapping? Contact SSM Research Manager and Head of Mapping Denise Maljers using the blue button below labelled ‘mail directly’.